Early childhood education and care (ECEC) hinders women's labor market participation and career development, causing potential economic losses. The socialization of childcare services maybe a viable way to release female labor force. This article uses the national population and family dynamic monitoring survey data to examine the relationship between childcare burden, childcare behavior and women's performance in the labor market, explore the impact of childcare services on women's employment and income, and estimate the extent to which the childcare service system can promote female labor participation, which in turn lead to income improvement and economic growth. The results show that the childcare burden has significantly reduced the labor participation rate and income level of women. The socialization of childcare services can increase the labor participation rate of women by 2-3 percentage points, and the released labor supply and economic output account for 4-7 percent of the current total economic output of women. The comprehensive construction of the childcare service system for children aged 0-3 is an effective measure to promote gender equality and economic development, and an important policy to enhance human capital, promote labor participation, and actively respond to population ageing.

In meeting the ageing challenge, elderly service is becoming a major project related to people's well-being that concerns the Chinese government and the whole society. Institutionalization of basic elderly services becomes a key issue. Combing the enacted elderly service policies, this paper provides a theoretical perspective of social policy to the institutionalization basic elderly service; analyzes the ideology of elderly service policy, the selection of elderly service model, and the necessity of constructing basic elderly services based on these perspectives; and finally, presents a policy framework of institutionalization of basic elderly services.

In addressing equal rights of children and using data from the 2003 China Nine-City Sampling Survey on Migrant Children, this paper examines policies regarding migrant children at both the national and regional levels, responsibilities of central and local governments, and factors affecting formulation and implementation of policies of migrant children. The paper concludes with policy recommendations addressing problems in migrant children.